The geopolitics of water in Africa

http://scd.rfi.fr/sites/filesrfi/imagecache/rfi_16x9_1024_578/sites/images.rfi.fr/files/aef_image/Kenya-Camp-de-Dadaab-3.jpg         With some 500,000 refugees, Camp Dadaab is one of the largest in the world. Located near the Somali border in southeastern Kenya. The camps of Ifo, Dagahaley, Hagadera and, since 2011, the Kambios, Ifo2 and Ifo3 camps constituting all the camps around Dadaab, in Garissa County. In this article, we expose the theme of water governance in a refugee camp the size of the city. How to respond to people's needs in emergency situations. People suffering persecution and civil wars that are currently in Somalia but are also exposed to drought and food shortages Who are the political actors responsible for water management in these camps that include various populations that have crossed borders? Political Background     On one hand, Somalia is a homogenous ethnically-Muslim country under threat of disloca...

        On September 13, 1922 a heat record of 57.8 degrees is recorded at El-Azizia located only 55km south-west of Tripoli in full Djeffara (plain covering the northwest of the country). This figure denoting an extreme temperature clearly shows the hostile environment in which Libyan hydraulic governance must be optimal. Libya is a vast country of 90% desert, a transitional territory between the Maghreb and the Mashreq, but also between the Mediterranean and Africa. It is a sparsely populated country currently notably by the effect of the conflicts (6,375 million in 2017 according to the world bank). A narrow coastal strip in the North, along the coasts concentrates all the major cities of the country: Tripoli, Homs, Sirte, Benghazi. In addition, the absence of mountain range allows the Sahara to extend to the littoral. In 1953, during oil exploration drilling in southern Libya, a gigantic sheet of fossil freshwater was discovered in the Nubian desert. Thi...